研究进步使得在自主车辆中部署的神经网络算法来感知周围。用于感知环境的标准脱墨传感器是摄像机和潮羊段。因此，使用这些脱模传感器开发的神经网络算法已经为自主车辆的感知提供了必要的解决方案。这些脱离传感器的一个主要缺点是它们在恶劣天气条件下的可操作性，例如，低照明和夜间条件。自主车辆传感器套件中热摄像机的可供选择性和可负担能力为自主车辆在恶劣天气条件下的感知方面提供了必要的改进。环境的语义有利于鲁棒的感知，这可以通过在场景中分段不同的对象来实现。在这项工作中，我们使用了用于语义细分的热相机。我们设计了一个名为Artseg的基于关注的反复卷积网络（RCNN）编码器解码器架构，用于热语义分割。这项工作的主要贡献是编码器解码器架构的设计，该架构为每个编码器和解码器块使用RCNN的单位。此外，在解码器模块中采用添加剂注意力，以保持高分辨率特征并改善特征的定位。在可用的公共数据集中评估所提出的方法的功效，显示出与联盟（IOU）的均值交叉口的其他最先进方法更好的性能。

Split Learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) are two prominent distributed collaborative learning techniques that maintain data privacy by allowing clients to never share their private data with other clients and servers, and fined extensive IoT applications in smart healthcare, smart cities, and smart industry. Prior work has extensively explored the security vulnerabilities of FL in the form of poisoning attacks. To mitigate the effect of these attacks, several defenses have also been proposed. Recently, a hybrid of both learning techniques has emerged (commonly known as SplitFed) that capitalizes on their advantages (fast training) and eliminates their intrinsic disadvantages (centralized model updates). In this paper, we perform the first ever empirical analysis of SplitFed's robustness to strong model poisoning attacks. We observe that the model updates in SplitFed have significantly smaller dimensionality as compared to FL that is known to have the curse of dimensionality. We show that large models that have higher dimensionality are more susceptible to privacy and security attacks, whereas the clients in SplitFed do not have the complete model and have lower dimensionality, making them more robust to existing model poisoning attacks. Our results show that the accuracy reduction due to the model poisoning attack is 5x lower for SplitFed compared to FL.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

Under climate change, the increasing frequency, intensity, and spatial extent of drought events lead to higher socio-economic costs. However, the relationships between the hydro-meteorological indicators and drought impacts are not identified well yet because of the complexity and data scarcity. In this paper, we proposed a framework based on the extreme gradient model (XGBoost) for Texas to predict multi-category drought impacts and connected a typical drought indicator, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), to the text-based impacts from the Drought Impact Reporter (DIR). The preliminary results of this study showed an outstanding performance of the well-trained models to assess drought impacts on agriculture, fire, society & public health, plants & wildlife, as well as relief, response & restrictions in Texas. It also provided a possibility to appraise drought impacts using hydro-meteorological indicators with the proposed framework in the United States, which could help drought risk management by giving additional information and improving the updating frequency of drought impacts. Our interpretation results using the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) interpretability technique revealed that the rules guiding the predictions of XGBoost comply with domain expertise knowledge around the role that SPI indicators play around drought impacts.

The detection of state-sponsored trolls acting in information operations is an unsolved and critical challenge for the research community, with repercussions that go beyond the online realm. In this paper, we propose a novel AI-based solution for the detection of state-sponsored troll accounts, which consists of two steps. The first step aims at classifying trajectories of accounts' online activities as belonging to either a state-sponsored troll or to an organic user account. In the second step, we exploit the classified trajectories to compute a metric, namely "troll score", which allows us to quantify the extent to which an account behaves like a state-sponsored troll. As a study case, we consider the troll accounts involved in the Russian interference campaign during the 2016 US Presidential election, identified as Russian trolls by the US Congress. Experimental results show that our approach identifies accounts' trajectories with an AUC close to 99\% and, accordingly, classify Russian trolls and organic users with an AUC of 97\%. Finally, we evaluate whether the proposed solution can be generalized to different contexts (e.g., discussions about Covid-19) and generic misbehaving users, showing promising results that will be further expanded in our future endeavors.

在医学图像分析中，许多疾病的微妙视觉特征要具有挑战性，尤其是由于缺乏配对数据。例如，在温和的阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）中，很难从纯成像数据中观察到脑组织萎缩，尤其是没有配对的AD和认知正常（CN）数据以进行比较。这项工作介绍了疾病发现甘（Didigan），这是一种基于弱的基于风格的框架，可发现和可视化细微的疾病特征。 Didigan了解了AD和CN视觉特征的疾病歧管，并将此歧管采样的样式代码施加到解剖结构“蓝图”上，以综合配对AD和CN磁共振图像（MRIS）。为了抑制生成的AD和CN对之间的非疾病相关变化，Didigan利用具有循环一致性和抗偏置的结构约束来实施解剖对应关系。当对阿尔茨海默氏病神经影像学计划（ADNI）数据集进行测试时，Didigan通过合成的配对AD和CN扫描显示了关键的AD特征（减少海马体积，心室增大和皮质结构的萎缩）。定性结果通过自动化的大脑体积分析来支持，其中还测量了脑组织结构的系统成对降低

特洛伊木马后门是针对神经网络（NN）分类器的中毒攻击，对手试图利用（高度理想的）模型重用属性将特洛伊木马植入模型参数中，以通过中毒训练过程进行后门漏洞。大多数针对特洛伊木马攻击的防御措施都假设了白盒设置，其中防守者可以访问NN的内部状态，或者能够通过它进行后传播。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个更实用的黑盒防御，称为Trojdef，只能在NN上进行前进。 Trojdef试图通过监视输入因随机噪声反复扰动预测置信度的变化来识别和滤除特洛伊木马输入（即用Trojan触发器增强的输入）。我们根据预测输出得出一个函数，该函数称为预测置信度，以决定输入示例是否为特洛伊木马。直觉是，由于错误分类仅取决于触发因素，因此特洛伊木马的输入更加稳定，而由于分类特征的扰动，良性输入会受到损失。通过数学分析，我们表明，如果攻击者在注入后门时是完美的，则将训练特洛伊木马感染的模型以学习适当的预测置信度结合，该模型用于区分特洛伊木马和良性输入，并在任意扰动下。但是，由于攻击者在注入后门时可能不是完美的，因此我们将非线性转换引入了预测置信度，以提高实际环境中的检测准确性。广泛的经验评估表明，即使分类器体系结构，培训过程或超参数变化，Trojdef的表现明显优于州的防御能力，并且在不同的设置下也很稳定。

近年来，由于3D数据收集和深度学习技术的进步，对点云的3D对象检测已取得了重大进展。然而，3D场景表现出很多变化，并且容易出现传感器的不准确性以及预处理过程中的信息丢失。因此，对于针对这些变化的设计技术至关重要。这需要详细的分析和理解此类变化的影响。这项工作旨在分析和基准基于流行的基于点的3D对象检测器，以针对几个数据损坏。据我们所知，我们是第一个研究基于点的3D对象探测器的鲁棒性的人。为此，我们设计和评估涉及数据添加，减少和更改的损坏。我们进一步研究了不同模块对局部和全球变化的鲁棒性。我们的实验结果揭示了一些有趣的发现。例如，与在点级别上使用变压器相比，我们表明在补丁或对象级别集成变压器的方法会增加鲁棒性。

队列研究越来越多地使用加速度计进行体育活动和久坐行为估计。这些设备往往比自我报告易于错误，可以全天捕获活动，并且是经济的。但是，在自由生活的情况下和受试者对象变化下，基于髋关节wor的数据估算久坐行为的先前方法通常是无效的或次优的。在本文中，我们提出了一个本地马尔可夫切换模型，该模型考虑了这种情况，并引入了一种姿势分类和久坐行为分析的一般程序，该程序自然适合该模型。我们的方法在时间序列中具有更改点检测方法，也是一个两个阶段分类步骤，将数据标记为3类（坐着，站立，步进）。通过严格的训练测试范例，我们表明我们的方法达到了80％的精度。此外，我们的方法是强大的，易于解释。

自从商业领域聊天机器人出现以来，它们已被广泛地在客户服务部门工作。通常，这些商业聊天机器人是基于检索的，因此他们无法响应提供的数据集中缺少的查询。相反，生成性聊天机器人尝试创建最合适的响应，但大多无法在客户机器人对话框中创建平稳的流程。由于客户在收到响应后仍有几乎没有选择的选择，因此对话框变得短缺。通过我们的工作，我们试图最大程度地提高简单的对话代理的智能，以便可以回答看不见的查询，并产生后续问题或备注。我们已经为一家珠宝店建造了聊天机器人，该聊天机器人通过找到与语料库中模式的输入相似，从而找到了客户查询的根本目标。我们的系统为客户提供了音频输入界面，因此他们可以用自然语言对其进行交谈。将音频转换为文本后，我们训练了模型来提取查询的意图，找到适当的响应并以自然的人类声音与客户交谈。为了衡量系统的性能，我们使用了召回，精度和F1分数等性能指标。